Reactions to perceived deprivation in ingroup and outgroup: a cross-cultural comparison.

An experiment is reported in which the reactions of observers to the relative and absolute deprivation of others are assessed. 80 German and 80 Italian subjects (aged 23-89 yrs) made decisions about ingroup (own nationality) or outgroup (foreign) protagonists suffering high or low relative and absolute deprivation. Results show that subjects were more likely to take social action that violated some rule when the protagonist was in high rather than low absolute deprivation. Racist subjects were somewhat more likely to satisfy the request of a deprived ingroup protagonist whereas nonracist subjects favoured the deprived outgroup. No differences emerged for nondeprived protagonists. Overall, Germans tended to take social action only when the protagonist suffered high absolute deprivation whereas Italians took action regardless of degree of absolute deprivation.