District heating has been widely spread in all cold climate and historically more attentive to the environmental problem countries (North Europe); however, in Italy the technology has also known a remarkable increase in recent years, due to the combined heat and power boosting laws (CIP 6/92). Generally, we consider CHP coupled with district heating more efficient than traditional local heating systems, while we discuss the economic aspect. Considering important developments in these last years regarding both boilers (premixed and modulating burners, condensing boilers, etc.) and district heating plants, it is worth to analyse the whole matter comparing advantages and disadvantages of the different alternatives with their wide differentiation among them. The paper reports on the analysis of major district heating natural gas based technologies (vapor and gas turbines, internal combustion engine, combined cycles); the cost of the heat power produced in these plants is compared to the cost of producing the same quantity of electrical energy by a reference GTCC- Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (actually the most efficient technology for pure electrical production) and the cost of heat production by modern local heating technologies (condensing boilers, electrical and gas heat pumps). Regarding energy efficiency and polluting emissions, modern local heating is shown to be more efficient than district heating for most CHP technologies.
Local or district heating. Energetic, environmental and economic comparison
LAZZARIN, RENATO;NORO, MARCO
2004
Abstract
District heating has been widely spread in all cold climate and historically more attentive to the environmental problem countries (North Europe); however, in Italy the technology has also known a remarkable increase in recent years, due to the combined heat and power boosting laws (CIP 6/92). Generally, we consider CHP coupled with district heating more efficient than traditional local heating systems, while we discuss the economic aspect. Considering important developments in these last years regarding both boilers (premixed and modulating burners, condensing boilers, etc.) and district heating plants, it is worth to analyse the whole matter comparing advantages and disadvantages of the different alternatives with their wide differentiation among them. The paper reports on the analysis of major district heating natural gas based technologies (vapor and gas turbines, internal combustion engine, combined cycles); the cost of the heat power produced in these plants is compared to the cost of producing the same quantity of electrical energy by a reference GTCC- Gas Turbine Combined Cycle (actually the most efficient technology for pure electrical production) and the cost of heat production by modern local heating technologies (condensing boilers, electrical and gas heat pumps). Regarding energy efficiency and polluting emissions, modern local heating is shown to be more efficient than district heating for most CHP technologies.
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