Molecules and roles of mitochondrial calcium signaling

Mitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis is an important component of the calcium-mediated cellular response to extracellular stimuli. It controls key organelle functions, such as aerobic metabolism and the induction of apoptotic cell death, and shapes the spatiotemporal pattern of the cytosolic [Ca(2+)] increase. We here summarize both the main roles of Ca(2+) signals within mitochondria and the emerging molecular information that is starting to unravel the composition of the signaling apparatus and reveal potential pharmacological targets in this process of utmost pathophysiological relevance.