Physical Activity in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Organizational Aspects and Preliminary Results of the Italian Project

Most of the difficulties when trying to realize the proposal to prescribe physical activity for transplantation patients come from patient attitudes and cultural beliefs that ignore the benefits of exercise, but there also are organizational aspects arising from the difficulties that these patients face in accessing supervised exercise facilities. To address these difficulties, the Italian study project "Transplant... and Now Sport" was developed based on a model of cooperation among transplantation specialists, sports physicians, and exercise specialists organized as a team combining their specific skills to effectively actuate the physical exercise programs. This preliminary report is based on 26 patients (16 male, 10 female; 47.8 +/- 10.0 years old; 21 kidney and 5 liver transplantations; time from transplantation 2.3 +/- 1.4 years) who performed prescribed and supervised exercises consisting of 3 sessions per week of aerobic and strengthening exercises for 1 year. Preliminary results show a significant decrease in body mass index (t = 1.966; P < .05) and a significant increase in peak aerobic power (t = 4.535; P < .01) and maximum workload (t = 4.665; P < .01) on the incremental cycling test. Also maximum strength of knee extensors (t = 2.933; P < .05) and elbow flexors (t = 2.450; P < .05) and countermovement jump performance (t = 2.303; P < .05) significantly increased. Creatinine and proteinuria tended to decrease, but the differences were not significant. In health-related quality of life assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, the Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional scale scores showed a significant improvement (P < .05). Preliminary results of the study protocol "Transplant... and Now Sport" show the positive effects of the model based on cooperation among transplantation centers, sports medicine centers, and gyms in the administration of a supervised exercise prescription. These data should be considered a contribution to developing and promoting further detailed exercise protocols and to fostering improved post-transplantation health and survival, helping to ensure that physical activity becomes a safe routine medical treatment plan of patient management.