Newborns’ face recognition: The role of facial movement

This study investigates the role of dynamic information in identity face recognition at birth. More specifically we tested whether semi-rigid motion, conveyed by a change in facial expression, facilitates identity recognition. In Experiment 1, two-day-old newborns, habituated to a static happy or fearful face (static condition) have been tested using a pair of novel and familiar identity static faces with a neutral expression. Results indicated that newborns manifest a preference for the familiar stimulus, independently of the facial expression. In contrast, in Experiment 2 newborns habituated to a semi-rigid moving face (dynamic condition) manifest a preference for the novel face, independently of the facial expression. In Experiment 3, a multistatic image of a happy face with different degrees of intensity was utilized to test the role of different amount of static pictorial information in identity recognition (multistatic image condition). Results indicated that newborns were not able to recognize the face to which they have been familiarized. Overall, results clearly demonstrate that newborns’ face recognition is strictly dependent on the learning conditions and that the semi-rigid motion conveyed by facial expressions facilitates identity recognition since birth.