New perspectives in the use of electric arc furnace slag as coarse aggregate for structural concrete

In the last years a number of strategies have been introduced to allow the concrete industry to improve its sustainability. Between these, the use of by-products coming from metallurgical industry represents a valid opportunity to allow a safer use of raw materials and reduce environmental impacts. In this paper, the work carried out to develop good quality and sustainable concretes with Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag as partial replacement of natural aggregates is described. First the characterization of the slag is analyzed in detail; then, the production of several mixtures is presented, within the results of the main mechanical and durability-related properties. The results of an experimental campaign about the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with EAF concrete are also reported. Lastly, the environmental loads associated to the use of EAF slag in concrete are shown. The emissions are obtained via a life-cycle analysis. EAF concretes use recycled materials, have low energy costs, high durability, and could display relevant added values mainly in terms of mechanical strength.