Colletotrichum species associated to ripe rot disease of grapes in the "Serra Gaucha" region of Southern Brazil

Ripe rot disease caused by Colletotrichum ( Glomerella) has become a serious problem for viticulture in Southern Brazil. Global warming contributes to the increase of this devastating and difficult to control disease. Several species of Colletotrichum, with different phytopathological characteristics, have been associated with ripe rot disease in different viticultural regions. In this article, a total of 63 fungi were isolated from grapes showing symptoms of ripe rot disease, and classified by sequencing of ITS region, and compared with the sequences deposited in GenBank. The isolates were included in three clades of Colletotrichum: 84.1% belonged to the "gloeosporioides" clade, 3.2% to the "boninense" clade, and 12.7% to the "acutatum" clade. Of the 53 isolates included in the "gloeosporioides" clade, 44.4% were classified as C. viniferum/C. ampelinum, 37.1% as C. fruticola, 13.0% as C. kahawae and 5.5% as a species related to C. fruticola. In turn, the two isolates of the "boninense" clade were classified as C. kartii/C. phyllanthi, and the six "acutatum" isolates were similar to C. acutatum and C. nymphaeae reference materials. The identified species were previously linked to ripe rot disease in other viticulture regions of the world, but the frequency of some species in southern Brazil is particularly different.