The Partial Element Equivalent Circuit Method for High-Frequency Problems

The partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique is a volume integral equation (VIE) method in which the electric field integral equation (EFIE) is discretized and represented as an equivalent electric circuit, consisting of partial resistances, self and mutual inductances, and self and mutual capacitances. In this chapter, introductions to the original formulation and to a “dual-grid” version are presented. In the first, the electromagnetic fields are expanded by piecewise constant basis functions, while the second, instead, is based on dual grids and the electromagnetic fields are discretized by means of higher-order basis functions. The development of the formulation is carried out for conductive media first, while the extension of the method to dielectric and magnetic media is discussed in the extensions. Some comments on the evaluation of the partial coefficients of inductance and potential are reported separately, while applications to a near-field communication (NFC) antenna and the radar cross-section (RCS) of a dielectric sphere are presented in the last section of this chapter to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the approach.