Approcci sostenibili per la protezione e la conservazione degli edifici storici nei territori a rischio sismico

The protection of cultural heritage in Italy cannot disregard the effects of earthquakes, due to a medium-high seismic hazard combined with high levels of exposure and vulnerability. As a result, Italy has a high seismic risk, as proved by the severe damage scenarios observed in the last decades, even after not very high-intensity seismic events. Therefore, the seismic risk can be mitigated by actions aimed at reducing the impact of exposure and, especially, by enhancing the building conditions connected to vulnerability aspects, before a seismic event occurs. In such a context, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary knowledge approach is fundamental. It is based on visual inspections, collection of historical data and application of non-obtrusive experimental procedures on materials and structural elements, to gather data (although mainly qualitative, they are of great help in both overall and more localized evaluations) useful for the implementation of analytical and/or numerical models to be used for predictive analyses and simulation of possible interventions. However, being the seismic event mainly unpredictable and the scientific procedures affected by a certain level approximation, it is also important to manage properly the post-earthquake phases, to ensure the needed emergency actions in adequate safety conditions.