The threat of climate change and its repercussions worldwide are widely recognized. There is a global consensus that this challenge must be taken on rapidly, especially by industrial players, which are characterized by a significant impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, Carlsberg Group has set the ambitious target of reaching net-zero carbon emissions in all its facilities by 2030. This requires a diversified strategy, where power-to-heat technologies driven by renewable electricity might play a crucial role. This paper presents an analysis of electrification opportunities in a brewhouse of Carlsberg Group. Particular focus is laid on integration of heat pumps, acknowledging their high potential to consistently decrease fossil fuel consumption in industrial plants. The plant was analyzed by means of pinch analysis. Firstly, the maximum potential for energy savings was assessed with a Time Average Model (TAM) approach. Secondly, the energy-saving potential achievable by direct coupling between processes was estimated within a Time Slice Model (TSM) framework. Finally, possibilities for heat pump integration were evaluated by considering both energy demand and availability, and contemporaneity of the processes. After estimating the energy-saving potential with TAM (58.61%) and TSM (2.38%), specific options were considered in the analysis of heat pump opportunities. Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) and closed-loop heat pumps were integrated through different combinations. The most suitable option included MVR technology - to supply heat for the wort boiler - and a HTHP that used internal heat from the wort cooler as heat source, whose Coefficient of Performance accounted for 5.49. The predicted CO2 reduction was 1.8 million kg/year, as this solution implied a complete elimination of steam supply obtained from natural gas. This groundwork might contribute to the road map for the retrofit of industrial breweries, leading to a broader integration of heat pumps in these processes.
Electrification of the heat supply in the brewing industry through heat pumps
Anna Stoppato
2021
Abstract
The threat of climate change and its repercussions worldwide are widely recognized. There is a global consensus that this challenge must be taken on rapidly, especially by industrial players, which are characterized by a significant impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, Carlsberg Group has set the ambitious target of reaching net-zero carbon emissions in all its facilities by 2030. This requires a diversified strategy, where power-to-heat technologies driven by renewable electricity might play a crucial role. This paper presents an analysis of electrification opportunities in a brewhouse of Carlsberg Group. Particular focus is laid on integration of heat pumps, acknowledging their high potential to consistently decrease fossil fuel consumption in industrial plants. The plant was analyzed by means of pinch analysis. Firstly, the maximum potential for energy savings was assessed with a Time Average Model (TAM) approach. Secondly, the energy-saving potential achievable by direct coupling between processes was estimated within a Time Slice Model (TSM) framework. Finally, possibilities for heat pump integration were evaluated by considering both energy demand and availability, and contemporaneity of the processes. After estimating the energy-saving potential with TAM (58.61%) and TSM (2.38%), specific options were considered in the analysis of heat pump opportunities. Mechanical Vapour Recompression (MVR) and closed-loop heat pumps were integrated through different combinations. The most suitable option included MVR technology - to supply heat for the wort boiler - and a HTHP that used internal heat from the wort cooler as heat source, whose Coefficient of Performance accounted for 5.49. The predicted CO2 reduction was 1.8 million kg/year, as this solution implied a complete elimination of steam supply obtained from natural gas. This groundwork might contribute to the road map for the retrofit of industrial breweries, leading to a broader integration of heat pumps in these processes.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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