La genesi dell'antropologia negativa nel pensiero di Giacomo Leopardi: la concezione dell'umano, tra utopia e disincanto

This thesis inquiries into the Giacomo Leopardi's anthropologic and moral reflections, ruling as from the twenty Operette written in the 1824, along an itinerary that leads from the utopia, exemplified in the myth of the Californians, to the disenchantment, remarkable in some Operette and above all in the Scommessa di Prometeo. The origin of that negative anthropological conception in the Leopardi's philosophy happens through a process of lectures and thoughts that is reconstructed in the thesis, divided into three chapters. The research work marks the limit a quo of the anthropologic utopia of the "happy" peoples in the fifty strophe of the Inno ai Patriarchi (July 1822), considered the last significant place of the "mith" of the Californians, and looks at the lectures of the first stay in Roma (17 november 1822 - 3 may 1823), to find out the constitutive elements of the negative anthropology exposed in the Operette. In the first chapter j examine the net of the lectures and the thoughts that flows into the Abbozzo dell'Inno ai Patriarchi and the fifty strophe of the Inno. The second chapter follows the complex way of the lecture of the Barthélemy's Voyage du jeune Anacharsis en Grece and of the Plutarco's Opuscoli morali - particularly of the Discorso di consolazione ad Apollonio -, in the context of the reflections on the human natural condition. The new leopardian vision of the ancient Greece, that recognizes the roots of the tragic Greek thought and consolidates a negative conception of the human condition, synthesized in the sentence "it's better not to be born". The third chapter dwells upon the interpretation of the Prometheus's myth produced by Leopardi, connected with the lecture of the myth present in the Luciano di Samosata's works. La Scommessa di Prometeo is submitted to a complete analysis, both in the direction of the fonts and on the plane of the statement of the contents, that reveals an original torsion of the Promethean tradition and develops in a dynamic of the full anthropologic disenchantment.