A comparative study of acute and delayed toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their binary mixtures in D. magna and R. subcapitata

The study investigates the impact of Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as 'forever chemicals', on freshwater aquatic organisms. PFAS are persistent pollutants with potential health risks. The research aims to understand their effects on Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata, representing different trophic levels. Tests assessed acute and delayed toxicity of individual PFAS and their binary mixtures. Results highlight the algae sensitiveness to PFAS, PFBA's unexpected high toxicity to R. subcapitata, and PFNA's algicidal effects. Mixtures generally exhibited additive or antagonistic interactions. These findings underscore the importance of evaluating PFAS toxicity in environmental risk assessments.