Staleness Minimization of Sensing under Multiple Real-Time Observations

Cyber-physical systems result from the integration of digital technologies into everyday material entities to enable an interaction between computational and physical components. This study extends an existing framework of information freshness optimization, which focused on monitoring and timely reporting of events, to multiple sensing/transmission opportunities in the observation window. We present an analytical framework for joint staleness minimization for an event with known distribution, as commonly encountered in real-world applications like industrial IoT and healthcare, deriving the closed-form solutions for optimal reporting times t1 and t2. This creates a foundation for cyber-physical systems requiring timely monitoring of events under limitation preventing persistent monitoring.