Two distinct P2Y receptors are involved in purine- and pyrimidine-evoked Ca2+ elevation in mammalian brain astrocytic cultures

ATP and 2-methyl-thio-ATP (2-Me-SATP) increase cytosolic calcium concentrations ([Ca2+](i)) in rat striatal astrocytes (Centemeri et al. (1997) Br J Pharmacol 121:1700-1706). The aim of the present study was to: (1) characterize pyrimidine-induced [Ca2+](i) increases in the same experimental system, and (2) try to identify the multiple P2Y receptor subtypes mediating Ca2+ mobilization. UDP and UTP triggered a concentration-dependent [Ca2+](i) elevation (EC(50)s = 0.58 muM +/- 0.4 and 31 muM +/- 6, respectively). Pyrimidine-evoked [Ca2+](i) elevation was solely due to mobilization from intracellular stores, because: (1) removing calcium from extracellular medium or (2) blocking its influx with Ni2+ did not modify UTP responses; (3) the store-depleting agent thapsigargin completely abolished UTP-evoked [Ca2+](i) increments. Guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) partially inhibited the UTP response, whereas pertussis toxin (PTx) had no effect. The phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 significantly reduced the UTP-evoked [Ca2+](i) rise. Computer-assisted analysis indicated that the UTP and UDP responses are mediated by a single receptor, while ATP and 2-Me-SATP interact with two distinct receptors. The selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2179 abolished the ATP higher potency component. Sequential challenges with the same nucleotides resulted in almost complete homologous desensitization. Pre-exposure to UTP lowered the subsequent responses to either ATP or 2-Me-SATP. Maximally active concentrations of UTP and ATP were not additive. In conclusion, [Ca2+](i) elevation in astrocytes by purines and pyrimidines is mediated by two distinct P2Y receptors, likely the P2Y(1) and P2Y(6), subtypes.