Dieta, fibra e controllo glicemico

Abstract The aim of this review is to analyse the role of dietary fiber in the metabolic control of diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Special attention has been focused on mechanisms of the beneficial effects of fiber, as well as on dietary implications for treatment of diabetes. The viscous soluble fiber reduces the postprandial glucose response and improves lipid metabolism; the reduced rate of glucose absorption, and the consequent modulation of gut hormone and cytokine secretion, represents the main mechanism explaining metabolic effects of viscous fiber. The available evidence indicates that high-fiber diets (legumes, fruits, vegetables, and unrefined cereals) positively affect other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, endothelial function and inflammation. Fiber is but one component of plant food, and other substances (mineral, vitamins and antioxidants) are likely to contribute to the protective effects of high-fiber diets. Recent vascular biology studies highlighted the impact of diet on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, important mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic process. High-fiber diets have been suggested to positively influence endothelial function and inflammation, through a reduction of oxidative stress.