EFFECT OF ZN TREATMENT IN WILD TYPE AND MT-NULL CELL LINES IN RELATION TO APOPTOTIC AND/OR NECROTIC PROCESSES AND ON MT ISOFORM GENE EXPRESSION

It has been shown in various systems that zinc is able to antagonize the catalytic properties of the redox-active transition metals iron and copper, although the process is still unclear. Probably, the protective effect of Zn against oxidative stress is mainly due to the induction of a scavenger metal binding protein such as metallothionein (NIT), rather than a direct action. To support this hypothesis, in this study, the effects of Zn, Cu, Fe, Zn+Cu and Zn+Fe treatments were investigated in a fibroblast cell line corresponding to an SV40-transformed MT-1/-2 mutant (MT-/-), and in wild type (MT+/+), by valuing metal concentrations and apoptotic and/or necrotic processes. We also investigated the synthesis of NIT and the levels of both MT-1 and MT-2 mRNAs. In MT+/+ cells, co-treatment with Zn+Fe caused a decrease in Fe content compared to treatment with Fe alone. After Zn and Zn+Cu exposure the expression of MT-1 and MT-2 isoforms increased with a concomitant increase in NIT synthesis. Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining revealed necrotic or apoptotic cells in terminal stages, especially after Fe treatments. Immunofluorescent staining with an anti-ssDNA Mab and annexin detected a lower signal in co-treated cells compared to the single treatments in both cell lines. The intensity and quantity of fluorescence resulting from anti-ssDNA and Annexin V staining of NIT null cells was higher compared to wild type cells. These results suggest that Zn alone does not completely exert an anti-oxidant effect against Cu and Fe toxicity, but that induction of NIT is necessary.