Zinc(II) complexes as hydrolytic catalysts of phosphate diester cleavage: from model substrates to nucleic acids

The development of synthetic agents able to hydrolytically cleave phosphate diester bonds with high efficiency is a fascinating challenge, which will ultimately open the way to artificial nucleases able to compete with the natural enzymes. This Perspective highlights the progress reported in the realization of hydrolytic catalysts based on the Zn2+ ion, a metal ion which, due to its peculiar properties, is a very promising candidate. The review critically examines the reactivity of such catalysts toward model substrates and nucleic acids, paying particular attention to the strategies that can be pursued to improve efficiency and sequence selectivity.