Escrezione di azoto e fosforo nelle principali tipologie di allevamento intensivo in Italia: quantificazione su base aziendale

The Italian Ministerial Decree MIPAF (2006) "Criteria for the use of agricultural livestock manure ...", provides standard values of nitrogen excretion for the different species and categories of animals. However, the extent of excretion, even within a single category of animals can vary significantly in relation to factors of production, feeding and management. So the same decree provides for the possibility of present a nitrogen balance tailored to specific farming conditions, following information contained in scientific reports and manuals indicated by the regions. Thus, it is required, for the main types of farming, a tool that may help to implement the nutrient balance at the farm level with the use of a limited number of parameters easily detectable. The results presented in this work are derived, in large part, by a special research project funded by the Veneto region which has been reflected in the development of regulatory instruments for the implementation of the EU Nitrate Directive. In the various contributions of this work, after a necessary framework of the institutional and methodological common basis, offer a number of models, based on current scientific and technical knowledge, which allow the quantification of N and P excretion at farm level for dairy cows, growing cattle, veal calves, sows, piglets, growing pigs, hens, poultry and turkeys. The institutional context and the availability of these models can represent a strong incentive for the study and implementation of strategies of rearing which combine the needs of environmental protection with those related to the efficient use of material and economic resources.