Fluoride Toxicity and Bioaccumulation in the Invasive Amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) : a laboratory study

The tolerance of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus to fluoride (F-) toxicity was examined via laboratory experiments. 96-h LC50 and 240-h NOEC values were estimated to be 5.8 and 0.95 mg F-/L,respectively. Average whole-body fluoride content in control amphipods was 27.6 lg F-/g dry weight, whereas in exposed amphipods it ranged from 3,637 to 16,994 lg F-/g dry weight. All these results indicate that D. villosus is a very sensitive species to fluoride toxicity. Overall it is concluded that the potential risk of invasion for D. villosusin either natural or polluted freshwater ecosystems,exhibiting relatively high fluoride levels (at least ten-fold higher than the average freshwater background level of 0.15 mg F-/L), must be low.