La scala di controllo sociopolitico di Zimmerman e Zahniser (SPCS, 1991). Un contributo all'addattamento italiano con metodo carta e matita e Web-based

The aim of the paper is to supply a contribution to the adaptation of the Zimmerman and Zahniser' Sociopolitical Control Scale (SPCS, 1991) to the Italian context. The scale is a comprehensive measure of the perceived individual effectiveness towards social and political systems. The SPCS is useful in order to measure and to predict the participation in leadership roles within the social and political contexts. In the present study we used and compared two methods of administration of the scale: paper-and pencil vs. Web-based. The study was carried out with 481 participants, adults and university students: 254 filled out the questionnaire in the paper-and-pencil format and 227 filled out the on-line format. The questionnaire included also the Mastery scale and a short form of the Marlowe and Crowne' Social Desirability scale. The results, via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with multi-sample procedure, support the original two-correlated factors model of the SPCS scale. Moreover, the invariance of the factorial structure has been verified in the paper-and-pencil and Web-based format. Finally, no differences were found between the composite scores in the two administration methods.