Mumps-associated nephritis mimicking acute rejection in a patient under chronic dialysis treatment because of graft dysfunction

Mumps infection in renal transplant patients is rare , and it is also infrequent in leukemic patients during cytostatic treatment . Thus, in general, it is not considered an opportunistic infection occurring in immunosuppressed patients. Very few reports concerning mumps in immunosuppressed patients are available, and it is unknown whether the clinical course for these patients is more severe than usual. In our patient, graft swelling was the first symptom of organ infection. Salivary gland involvement occurred later. Most immunosuppressive drugs had been withdrawn in our patient, so the severe presentation of nephritis might have been due to pre-existing chronic allograft nephropathy. In any case, serological screening for mumps and vaccination of negative recipients prior to transplantation should be recommended for children as well as for adult patients.