Tris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate and Tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane: A DFT Study of Their Different Binding Capability Toward Ag(I) and Cu(I) Cations

Density functional theory has been used to study the electronic structure of [M(tp)] and [M(tpm)]+ conformers (M = Cu, Ag; tp = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate anion, tpm = tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane) and the energetics of their interconversions. Results for the free tp ligand are similar to those of tpm [M. Casarin, D. Forrer, F. Garau, L. Pandolfo, C. Pettinari, A. Vittadini, J. Phys. Chem. A 112 (2008) 6723], indicating an intrinsic instability of the tripodal conformation (k3-like). This points out that, though frequently observed, the k3-coordinative mode is unlikely to be directly achieved through the interaction of M(I) with the k3-like tp/tpm conformer. Analogously to the [M(tpm)]+ molecular ions, the energy barrier for the k2-[M(tp)] → k3-[M(tp)] conversion is computed to be negligible. Though kn-[M(tp)] and kn-[M(tpm)]+ (n = 1, 2, 3) have similar metal–ligand covalent interactions, the negative charge associated to the tp ligand makes the M-tp bonding stronger.