The Role of Laparoscopy in Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Selected for Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC).

BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery (CS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was developed as locoregional treatment for primary or secondary peritoneal tumors. The role of laparoscopy over several stages of diagnosis and the treatment of the patients affected by peritoneal carcinomatosis and selected for CS + HIPEC shows some peculiarities, and their potential application in this field is not fully known. Our aim was to review and summarize the applications, the results, and the future directions of laparoscopy in the management of the patients affected by carcinomatosis and scheduled for CS + HIPEC. METHODS: Appropriate keywords were adopted to identify the relevant studies on this topic in PubMed/Medline electronic databases. RESULTS: The role of laparoscopy in diagnosis and staging of patients selected for CS + HIPEC seems to have a great but probably underestimated potential. Laparoscopic CS + HIPEC is technically feasible with an acceptable morbidity profile, especially in patients with low tumor load. In selected patients with malignant ascites, laparoscopic HIPEC achieves a good palliative effect, with a low morbidity profile. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy plays a partially explored role in diagnosis and staging of patients selected for CS + HIPEC. The use of laparoscopic HIPEC with an adjuvant, curative, or palliative intent seems feasible, but further studies are required in order to explore and validate all potential indications. For all these reasons, it would be advisable to provide every HIPEC center with specific laparoscopic skills.