UWB Sparse/Diffuse Channels, Part I: Channel Models and Bayesian Estimators

In this two-part paper, the problem of channel estimation in Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) systems is investigated. Due to the large transmission bandwidth, the channel has been traditionally modeled as sparse. However, some propagation phenomena, e. g., scattering from rough surfaces and frequency distortion, are better modeled by a diffuse channel. Herein, a novel Hybrid Sparse/Diffuse (HSD) channel model is proposed. Tailored to the HSD model, channel estimators are designed for different scenarios that vary in the amount of side information available at the receiver. An Expectation-Maximization algorithm to estimate the power delay profile of the diffuse component is also designed. The proposed methods are compared to unstructured and purely sparse estimators. The numerical results show that the HSD estimation schemes considerably improve the estimation accuracy and the bit error rate performance over conventional channel estimators. In Part II, the new channel estimators are evaluated with more realistic geometry-based channel emulators. The numerical results show that, even when the channel is generated in this manner, the new estimation strategies achieve high performance. Moreover, a Mean-Squared Error analysis of the proposed estimators is performed, in the high and low Signal to Noise Ratio regimes, thus quantifying, in closed form, the achievable performance gains.