The need for genetic support in restocking activities andex situconservation programmes: the case of the Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccariiBonaparte, 1836) in the Ticino River Park

The Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii Bonaparte, 1836), endemic to the North Adriatic region, was recently reclassified by IUCN as 'Critically endangered and possibly extinct in the wild' since no natural spawning has been recorded in the last 20 years. Its survival relies on restocking activities originating from a single captive broodstock collected by a private aquaculture plant (V.I.P.) in the 1970s and is currently reduced to 13 individuals. Few alternative brood-stocks of F1 animals have been retained for use in the near future. Thus far, brood-stocks, as well as all stocks released in the wild, have been randomly chosen without regard to their genetic composition. The consequence of breeding programmes with no genetic input was evaluated in the Ticino River Park (TRP) in Italy. A parental allocation procedure based on microsatellite markers useful for tetraploids was used following a Band-Sharing approach. Levels of relatedness within the TRP F1 captive breeders (Stock_1) and among animals released by TRP in the past (Stock_2) were explored and compared with the stock of wild origin. The pronounced decrease in genetic diversity observed in the analysed sample suggests the need for complete reorganization and coordination of conservation efforts for this species, paying particular attention to the long-term preservation of the genetic diversity. Also identified is the only potentially suitable stock of F1 animals that should be used as source of future breeders.