A multi-spectroscopic study for the characterization and definition of production techniques of German ceramic sherds

The aim of this archaeometric study is to recover information regarding technological processes and raw materials used for the production of ceramic sherds coming from five central and Eastern German sites, between Lower Saxony and Saxony states. The ceramic fragments have been investigated by a multi-spectroscopic approach: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were employed to characterize both ceramic bodies and glazes. Moreover the innovative application of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) on ceramic findings has been proposed and evaluated. Chemical and mineralogical composition, aswell as microstructure, of ceramic mixture and glaze are correlated to native material composition and firing temperature, which have become a fundamental features in archaeometric research and play a key role in understanding the provenance of the pottery and its production techniques. The multi-spectroscopic approach applied in thiswork has enabled the ability to characterize the ceramic sherds and to investigate through non-destructive techniques both ceramic glaze and matrix giving information regarding the raw materials and pigments/colourants used, and regarding firing temperature and technology. The present study carried on using complementary methods suggests different raw material sources and temperature kilns. These data are in agreementwith the location of ceramic sites and with data in literature. Furthermore, the interesting results suggest that non-destructive techniques, such as LIF and Raman spectroscopy, are promising methods for ceramic and glaze characterization.