Enforcing Lumped Parameter Excitations in Edge-Element Formulations by Using a Fast Iterative Approach

In order to couple external circuits to edge-element discretized electromagnetic models, with full field equations, global constraints involving voltages or currents need to be enforced. There is no canonical way to impose a voltage or a current without additional modeling information on the distribution of field sources that rely on topological concepts. In this article, a fast solution of field sources within massive conductors in static and dynamic problems is proposed. Global basis functions, required to cope with non-trivial coil topologies, are directly generated by an iterative solver rather than pre-computing source fields, e.g., by tree–cotree decomposition.