The validity of panoramic radiograph as a diagnostic method for elongated styloid process: A systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the validity of panoramic radiograph as a radiographic method for the diagnosis of an elongated styloid process (ESP) in the general population. Methods: An electronic search of available articles about ESP was conducted on PubMed. Sequential screenings based on previously defined exclusion and inclusion criteria were performed. Results: Eight studies were included in the systematic review. Prevalence of ESP and mean radiological length of the styloid process (SP) increased with age, which might be due to a chronic calcification development of the SP. Most of the included studies also asserted that there was no statistically significant correlation between ESP and the gender. Discussion: Panoramic radiograph is easy to perform and interpret, so it can be defined as being useful for diagnosis of ESP in the general population. In symptomatic patients, it can help in the differential diagnosis with other conditions associated with orofacial and neck pain.