Treatment of full and partial arches with internal‐ conical‐connection dental implants: Clinical results after 5 years of follow‐up

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the implant therapy outcomes over a period of 5 years and to analyze several patient risk factors influencing the stability of the peri-implant tissues. Seventy‐eight patients were consecutively treated between 2009 and 2017 and restored with implant‐supported fixed prostheses. The following inclusion criteria were considered: partial or complete edentulism; residual bone volume of at least 3.3 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length; a favorable relationship between maxilla and mandible; at least a minimum 5 year follow-up for each implant included in the statistical analysis. Intraoral radiographs were taken at implant loading and every 12 months during the follow‐up visits. They were subsequently stored on a personal computer and analyzed to determine the changes in bone level. Seventy‐eight patients receiving 209 implants completed a minimum follow‐up period of 5 years. One‐hundred dental implants were inserted in the maxilla while 109 were placed in the mandible. Eleven (14.1%) out of 78 treated patients who received 29 (13.9%) dental implants were considered as drop‐outs. On the whole, peri‐implantitis was diagnosed in three implants. The average final pocket probing depth at implant level was 2.5 ± 1.2 mm. The average final bone loss after 5 years was 0.3 ± 0.4 mm, both at the mesial and distal aspect of the implant. The effects of the prosthesis type, sex and implant site did not statistically influence the marginal bone loss; on the contrary, a statistically significant difference regarding marginal bone loss was detected between smoker and non‐smoker patients (p = 0.021). Implants with internal‐conical abutment connection showed stable peri‐implant bone levels at the medium‐term follow‐up. Nevertheless, further prospective long‐term clinical studies are necessary to confirm these data.