The history of resection prosthesis

Introduction: The purpose of this historical review is to highlight the progression and development of prosthetic reconstruction with a focus on the modular distal femur with hinged total knee arthroplasty. Method: Scientific literature was searched for descriptions of endoprosthetic reconstruction of the extremities to provide a thorough overview of the subject, focusing the research on the evolution of limb salvage of the distal femur. Results: After the first works of Gluck and Giordano, with ivory and metal and the pioneer shoulder prosthesis by Pean in the late 1890s, a great advancement was brought by reconstructions performed for injured soldiers of the Great War. By the 1940s, replacement of all the main joints had been attempted, and documented. Discussion: Walldius in the 1950s developed a fully constrained hinge knee, offering for the first time a consistent and replicable method of substituting the joint. In 1953, Shiers' prosthesis allowed for good flexion and extension. Stanmore and GUEPAR group prosthesis in the 1960s were the first to have a different right and left side model. The rotating hinge was developed in 1978 by Walker, with the innovative concept of six degrees of freedom. Between 1979 and 1982, Kotz developed the modular segmental replacement that, added to a fixed hinge knee, permitted the revolutionary creation of the modern distal femur replacement. Conclusion: The study of the materials and mechanical solutions that was brought to the modern distal femur resection prosthesis is a good example of a virtuous multidisciplinary teamwork between orthopaedic surgeons, anatomists, and biomechanical engineers.