Extended Distal Pancreatectomy for Cancer of the Body and Tail of the Pancreas: Analysis of Early and Late Results

Cancer of the body-tail of the pancreas often involves adjacent structures. Thus, surgical treatment may be extended to other organs or vessels in order to achieve radical resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of extended distal pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. Between January 2000 and December 2016, 101 patients underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP) for pancreatic cancer: 65 patients underwent standard-DP and 36 extended-DP, including the resection of the partial stomach (n = 12), adrenal gland (n = 7), liver (n = 7), colon (n = 8), celiac axis (n = 6), portal vein (n = 5), jejunum (n = 4) and kidney (n = 4). The two groups were compared in terms of their TNM classification, pathological grade, nodal status, state of resection margins, age, sex and levels of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19.9). The morbidity and mortality were not statistically different in the two groups. The two groups disease-free and overall survival rates were significantly influenced by the tumor's stage, nodal status, pathological features and resection margins. Survival was not influenced by the extent of the surgical resection. However, when patients were stratified according to the type of extended resection, survival was worse in the group of patients undergoing vascular resection. Multivariate analysis showed that the stage and resection margins are independent predictors of disease-free and overall survival. Extended distal pancreatectomy may be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Survival is not significantly different after standard or extended resection. However, the rate of tumor recurrence is high, and long-term survival is a rare event, especially in those patients who undergo distal pancreatectomy associated with vascular resection.