Policies and Online Learning Environment for Adult Education and Higher Education’s Emerging Needs

The outbreak of the pandemic in March 2019 led to a shift in the educational system around the world despite low technological advancement in both developed and developing countries. The sudden digital transformation in the educational system makes it necessary to understand digital preparedness, review impact of online learning, practices, and methods of online learning as well as government policies both before and after the pandemic for the development of digital learning tools and implementation. The objective of the paper is to determine the level of online learning preparedness in adult and higher education through the lens of the multi-dimensional model. The comparative analysis focused on policy formulation, practices, and challenges of e-learning implementation in Italy, Nigeria, and the Philippines at the mega, macro, meso, and micro levels in three countries. The desk research methodology is used for the discourse. The study led to the interpretation of similarities and differences among the three countries.