Hashing Physical Objects: Exploring Challenges and Cost Implications in Blockchain

The integration of blockchain technology into supply chain management has shown significant potential in enhancing transparency, traceability and security, particularly in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food. This paper explores the role of blockchain in object tagging systems, which link physical items to their digital records, providing a tamper-proof trail from production to sale. Despite the benefits of blockchain, the physical tagging process, particularly in preventing tampering or removal of tags, remains a critical vulnerability. The paper critically reviews existing solutions, including Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), and Quick Response (QR) code, and discusses their shortcomings in ensuring the integrity of high-value or sensitive goods. Additionally, the paper examines emerging technologies like IBM’s crypto anchors and presents a cost analysis of blockchain adoption for object tagging. Ultimately, the paper underscores the need for further research and innovation in physical tagging security to fully realize the potential of blockchain in supply chain management.