How a Rear Steering System May Improve Motorcycle Dynamics, 328 Int. J. Vehicle Design,

This research investigates how motorcycle dynamics may be improved by applying a steering system on the rear wheel. The study is carried out using a widely validated multi-body model of motorcycle and rider. Two types of rear steering systems are compared: a self-steering wheel coupled with a spring-damper assembly and a controlled steering wheel, whose steering angle is governed accordingly to a first-order relationship between front and rear steering angle. In general, any rear steering system transfers energy from weave mode to wobble mode. Thus, both solutions stabilise high-speed weave, but increase instability when braking. The passive system shows unexpected reactions when accelerating in cornering condition, whereas the active system is almost neutral.