A trial was carried out using 290 pigs of 16 genetic types, 128 gilts and 162 barrows, produced from Italian Large White (LW), Belgian Landrace (BL) × LW, Duroc (DU) × LW and Spotted Poland (SP) × LW sows inseminated by LW, BL, DU and SP boars. The aim of the research was to estimate direct heterosis and breed additive effects on growth performance, carcass traits and wholesale cuts when slaughter weight averaged 145 kg; the breed additive effects are expressed as differences from purebred LW. The BL breed had a negative effect on postweaning growth rate (−42 g/d, P<0.10), but favourably affected commercial carcass composition (+2.7% lean joints, P<0.05) and wholesale cuts (+1.4% ham, P<0.01) compared to LW. The DU breed additive effect improved average daily gain (+34 g/d, P<0.10) and positively influenced carcass composition, with higher yield and incidence of total lean joints (+1.9%, P<0.10) and ham (+1.6%, P<0.01). The SP breed additive effect did not affect growth, but gave less percentage weight of total lean joints (−3.7%, P<0.01) and more total percentage weight of fatty joints (+4.1%, P<0.01) than LW. Direct heterosis positively influenced postweaning growth rate (+34 g/d, P<0.05) but was small and not significant for most carcass traits. The DU breed offers some advantages in crossbreeding plans involving LW to produce heavy industrial pigs; BL can also be utilized for this purpose, with less favourable results, while the SP breed does not seem suitable for heavy pig production.
ESTIMATED BREED ADDITIVE EFFECTS AND DIRECT HETEROSIS FOR GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS OF HEAVY PIGS
BITTANTE, GIOVANNI;GALLO, LUIGI;
1993
Abstract
A trial was carried out using 290 pigs of 16 genetic types, 128 gilts and 162 barrows, produced from Italian Large White (LW), Belgian Landrace (BL) × LW, Duroc (DU) × LW and Spotted Poland (SP) × LW sows inseminated by LW, BL, DU and SP boars. The aim of the research was to estimate direct heterosis and breed additive effects on growth performance, carcass traits and wholesale cuts when slaughter weight averaged 145 kg; the breed additive effects are expressed as differences from purebred LW. The BL breed had a negative effect on postweaning growth rate (−42 g/d, P<0.10), but favourably affected commercial carcass composition (+2.7% lean joints, P<0.05) and wholesale cuts (+1.4% ham, P<0.01) compared to LW. The DU breed additive effect improved average daily gain (+34 g/d, P<0.10) and positively influenced carcass composition, with higher yield and incidence of total lean joints (+1.9%, P<0.10) and ham (+1.6%, P<0.01). The SP breed additive effect did not affect growth, but gave less percentage weight of total lean joints (−3.7%, P<0.01) and more total percentage weight of fatty joints (+4.1%, P<0.01) than LW. Direct heterosis positively influenced postweaning growth rate (+34 g/d, P<0.05) but was small and not significant for most carcass traits. The DU breed offers some advantages in crossbreeding plans involving LW to produce heavy industrial pigs; BL can also be utilized for this purpose, with less favourable results, while the SP breed does not seem suitable for heavy pig production.
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