Impact of Different [Tc(N)PNP]-Scaffolds on the Biological Properties of the Small cRGDfK Peptide: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations

Background: The [Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP)] system, where PNP is a bisphosphinoamine, is an interesting platform for the development of tumor 'receptor-specific' agents. Here, we compared the reactivity and impact of three [Tc(N)(PNP)] frameworks on the stability, receptor targeting properties, biodistribution, and metabolism of the corresponding [Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP)]-tagged cRGDfK peptide to determine the best performing agent and to select the framework useful for the preparation of [Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP)]-housing molecular targeting agents. Methods: cRGDfK pentapeptide was conjugated to Cys and labeled with each [Tc(N)(PNP)] framework. Radioconjugates were assessed for their lipophilicity, stability, in vitro and in vivo targeting properties, and performance. Results: All compounds were equally synthetically accessible and easy to purify (RCY >= 95%). The main influences of the synthon on the targeting peptide were observed in in vitro cell binding and in vivo. Conclusions: The variation in the substituents on the phosphorus atoms of the PNP enables a fine tuning of the biological features of the radioconjugates. ws[Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP3OH)]- and [Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP3)]- are better performing synthons in terms of labeling efficiency and in vivo performance than the [Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP43)] framework and are therefore more suitable for further radiopharmaceutical purposes. Furthermore, the good labeling properties of the ws[Tc-99m][Tc(N)(PNP3OH)]- framework can be exploited to extend this technology to the labeling of temperature-sensitive biomolecules suitable for SPECT imaging.