Effect of Manual, Electric, and Sonic Toothbrushing on Retention and Surface Integrity of Resin-Based Sealants

Background: Fissure sealants are a proven strategy to prevent occlusal caries in children, but their long-term success depends on mechanical stability. While toothbrush efficacy in plaque removal has been extensively studied, its potential impact on sealant retention and surface integrity remains underexplored. This in vitro study assessed the effect of manual, electric, and sonic toothbrushing on the shear bond strength (SBS) and surface roughness of resin-based sealants. Methods: Sixty flat enamel specimens were obtained from bovine teeth and divided into three groups (n = 20) based on brushing modality. Each underwent a standardized 30 min brushing simulation under constant force. SBS was evaluated using a universal testing machine, surface roughness was measured profilometrically, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed surface changes. Results: No statistically significant differences in SBS were found among the groups (p = 0.287). However, significant differences in surface roughness were observed (p < 0.001), with sonic brushing producing the highest roughness values and more pronounced surface degradation on SEM. Conclusion: Toothbrush type did not affect sealant adhesion under controlled conditions, but sonic brushing increased surface wear. These findings support regular monitoring of sealants in pediatric patients using high-frequency toothbrushes.