Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state

We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system-an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) operate within a factor of 10 of the standard quantum limit (SQL), providing a displacement sensitivity of 10-18 m in a 100 Hz band centered on 150 Hz. With a new feedback strategy, we dynamically shift the resonant frequency of a 2.7 kg pendulum mode to lie within this optimal band, where its effective temperature falls as low as 1.4μK, and its occupation number reaches about 200 quanta. This work shows how the exquisite sensitivity necessary to detect gravitational waves can be made available to probe the validity of quantum mechanics on an enormous mass scale. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state

Abbott B.;Abbott R.;Adhikari R.;Ajith P.;Allen B.;Allen G.;Amin R.;Anderson S. B.;Anderson W. G.;Arain M. A.;Araya M.;Armandula H.;Armor P.;Aso Y.;Aston S.;Aufmuth P.;Aulbert C.;Babak S.;Ballmer S.;Bantilan H.;Barish B. C.;Barker C.;Barker D.;Barr B.;Barriga P.;Barton M. A.;Bastarrika M.;Bayer K.;Betzwieser J.;Beyersdorf P. T.;Bilenko I. A.;Billingsley G.;Biswas R.;Black E.;Blackburn K.;Blackburn L.;Blair D.;Bland B.;Bodiya T. P.;Bogue L.;Bork R.;Boschi V.;Bose S.;Brady P. R.;Braginsky V. B.;Brau J. E.;Brinkmann M.;Brooks A.;Brown D. A.;Brunet G.;Bullington A.;Buonanno A.;Burmeister O.;Byer R. L.;Cadonati L.;Cagnoli G.;Camp J. B.;Cannizzo J.;Cannon K.;Cao J.;Cardenas L.;Casebolt T.;Castaldi G.;Cepeda C.;Chalkley E.;Charlton P.;Chatterji S.;Chelkowski S.;Chen Y.;Christensen N.;Clark D.;Clark J.;Cokelaer T.;Conte R.;Cook D.;Corbitt T.;Coyne D.;Creighton J. D. E.;Cumming A.;Cunningham L.;Cutler R. M.;Dalrymple J.;Danilishin S.;Danzmann K.;Davies G.;DeBra D.;Degallaix J.;Degree M.;Dergachev V.;Desai S.;DeSalvo R.;Dhurandhar S.;Diaz M.;Dickson J.;Dietz A.;Donovan F.;Dooley K. L.;Doomes E. E.;Drever R. W. P.;Duke I.;Dumas J. -C.;Dupuis R. J.;Dwyer J. G.;Echols C.;Effler A.;Ehrens P.;Espinoza E.;Etzel T.;Evans T.;Fairhurst S.;Fan Y.;Fazi D.;Fehrmann H.;Fejer M. M.;Finn L. S.;Flasch K.;Fotopoulos N.;Freise A.;Frey R.;Fricke T.;Fritschel P.;Frolov V. V.;Fyffe M.;Garofoli J.;Gholami I.;Giaime J. A.;Giampanis S.;Giardina K. D.;Goda K.;Goetz E.;Goggin L.;Gonzalez G.;Gossler S.;Gouaty R.;Grant A.;Gras S.;Gray C.;Gray M.;Greenhalgh R. J. S.;Gretarsson A. M.;Grimaldi F.;Grosso R.;Grote H.;Grunewald S.;Guenther M.;Gustafson E. K.;Gustafson R.;Hage B.;Hallam J. M.;Hammer D.;Hanna C.;Hanson J.;Harms J.;Harry G.;Harstad E.;Hayama K.;Hayler T.;Heefner J.;Heng I. S.;Hennessy M.;Heptonstall A.;Hewitson M.;Hild S.;Hirose E.;Hoak D.;Hosken D.;Hough J.;Huttner S. H.;Ingram D.;Ito M.;Ivanov A.;Johnson B.;Johnson W. W.;Jones D. I.;Jones G.;Jones R.;Ju L.;Kalmus P.;Kalogera V.;Kamat S.;Kanner J.;Kasprzyk D.;Katsavounidis E.;Kawabe K.;Kawamura S.;Kawazoe F.;Kells W.;Keppel D. G.;Khalili F. Y.;Khan R.;Khazanov E.;Kim C.;King P.;Kisse J. S.;Klimenko S.;Kokeyama K.;Kondrashov V.;Kopparapu R. K.;Kozak D.;Kozhevatov I.;Krishnan B.;Kwee P.;Lam P. K.;Landry M.;Lang M. M.;Lantz B.;Lazzarini A.;Lei M.;Leindecker N.;Leonhardt V.;Leonor I.;Libbrecht K.;Lin H.;Lindquist P.;Lockerbie N. A.;Lodhia D.;Lormand M.;Lu P.;Lubinski M.;Lucianetti A.;Luck H.;Machenschalk B.;MacInnis M.;Mageswaran M.;Mailand K.;Mandic V.;Marka S.;Marka Z.;Markosyan A.;Markowitz J.;Maros E.;Martin I.;Martin R. M.;Marx J. N.;Mason K.;Matichard F.;Matone L.;Matzner R.;Mavalvala N.;McCarthy R.;McClelland D. E.;McGuire S. C.;McHugh M.;McIntyre G.;McIvor G.;McKechan D.;McKenzie K.;Meier T.;Melissinos A.;Mendell G.;Mercer R. A.;Meshkov S.;Messenger C. J.;Meyers D.;Miao H.;Miller J.;Minelli J.;Mitra S.;Mitrofanov V. P.;Mitselmakher G.;Mittleman R.;Miyakawa O.;Moe B.;Mohanty S.;Moreno G.;Mossavi K.;Mow-Lowry C.;Mueller G.;Mukherjee S.;Mukhopadhyay H.;Muller-Ebhardt H.;Munch J.;Murray P.;Myers E.;Myers J.;Nash T.;Nelson J.;Newton G.;Nishizawa A.;Numata K.;O'Dell J.;Ogin G.;O'Reilly B.;O'Shaughnessy R.;Ottaway D. J.;Ottens R. S.;Overmier H.;Owen B. J.;Pan Y.;Pankow C.;Papa M. A.;Parameshwaraiah V.;Patel P.;Pedraza M.;Penn S.;Perreca A.;Petrie T.;Pinto I. M.;Pitkin M.;Pletsch H. J.;Plissi M. V.;Postiglione F.;Principe M.;Prix R.;Quetschke V.;Raab F.;Rabeling D. S.;Radkins H.;Rainer N.;Rakhmanov M.;Ramsunder M.;Rehbein H.;Reid S.;Reitze D. H.;Riesen R.;Riles K.;Rivera B.;Robertson N. A.;Robinson C.;Robinson E. L.;Roddy S.;Rodriguez A.;Rogan A. M.;Rollins J.;Romano J. D.;Romie J.;Route R.;Rowan S.;Rudiger A.;Ruet L.;Russell P.;Ryan K.;Sakata S.;Samidi M.;De La Jordana L. S.;Sandberg V.;Sannibale V.;Saraf S.;Sarin P.;Sathyaprakash B. S.;Sato S.;Saulson P. R.;Savage R.;Savov P.;Schediwy S. W.;Schilling R.;Schnabel R.;Schofield R.;Schutz B. F.;Schwinberg P.;Scott S. M.;Searle A. C.;Sears B.;Seifert F.;Sellers D.;Sengupta A. S.;Shawhan P.;Shoemaker D. H.;Sibley A.;Siemens X.;Sigg D.;Sinha S.;Sintes A. M.;Slagmolen B. J. J.;Slutsky J.;Smith J. R.;Smith M. R.;Smith N. D.;Somiya K.;Sorazu B.;Stein L. C.;Stochino A.;Stone R.;Strain K. A.;Strom D. M.;Stuver A.;Summerscales T. Z.;Sun K. -X.;Sung M.;Sutton P. J.;Takahashi H.;Tanner D. B.;Taylor R.;Taylor R.;Thacker J.;Thorne K. A.;Thorne K. S.;Thuring A.;Tokmakov K. V.;Torres C.;Torrie C.;Traylor G.;Trias M.;Tyler W.;Ugolini D.;Ulmen J.;Urbanek K.;Vahlbruch H.;Van Den Broeck C.;Van Der Sluys M.;Vass S.;Vaulin R.;Vecchio A.;Veitch J.;Veitch P.;Villar A.;Vorvick C.;Vyatchanin S. P.;Waldman S. J.;Wallace L.;Ward H.;Ward R.;Weinert M.;Weinstein A.;Weiss R.;Wen S.;Wette K.;Whelan J. T.;Whitcomb S. E.;Whiting B. F.;Wilkinson C.;Willems P. A.;Williams H. R.;Williams L.;Willke B.;Wilmut I.;Winkler W.;Wipf C. C.;Wiseman A. G.;Woan G.;Wooley R.;Worden J.;Wu W.;Yakushin I.;Yamamoto H.;Yan Z.;Yoshida S.;Zanolin M.;Zhang J.;Zhang L.;Zhao C.;Zotov N.;Zucker M.;Zweizig J.

2009

Abstract

We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system-an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) operate within a factor of 10 of the standard quantum limit (SQL), providing a displacement sensitivity of 10-18 m in a 100 Hz band centered on 150 Hz. With a new feedback strategy, we dynamically shift the resonant frequency of a 2.7 kg pendulum mode to lie within this optimal band, where its effective temperature falls as low as 1.4μK, and its occupation number reaches about 200 quanta. This work shows how the exquisite sensitivity necessary to detect gravitational waves can be made available to probe the validity of quantum mechanics on an enormous mass scale. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

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Scheda completa (DC)

	Anno
	
				2009
			
	Rivista su cui è pubblicata l'opera
	
				NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
			
	Codice DOI
	
				https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/7/073032
			
	Codice Scopus
	
				2-s2.0-67949098859
			
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				01.01 - Articolo in rivista

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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3578181

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