Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in beef × Holstein-Friesian crossbred bulls

Beef-on-dairy farming is a strategy for adapting milk and beef production to new economic, social, environmental, and other challenges. One way to enhance competitiveness is by using beef breeds on dairy farms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth performance, carcase and meat quality of crossbreds from four beef breeds and Holstein-Friesian cows. The research involved sixty-five male animals, and their growth dynamics were monitored from birth to slaughter. Carcase quality was assessed through weight measurements, EUROP classification, and tissue composition in the three-rib section. Meat quality was evaluated based on colour, pH, chemical composition, and the fatty acid profile of the meat lipids. Regarding growth performance, favourable indicators were observed in the SIM crossbred group (p < 0.01), which is significant from the farmer’s perspective. Carcase quality indicators, particularly cold dressing percentage and muscle content in the three-rib section, were more favourable in the BB and PIE crossbred groups (p < 0.05), traits highly valued by the slaughterhouse industry. Meat quality indicators showed a distinct advantage for PIE crossbreds, particularly due to their favourable fatty acid profile, as reflected in the AI and TI index values (p < 0.001), which is important from a consumer perspective. The lower bone content in the carcase (p < 0.05) and moderate fat content in the beef resulted in LIM crossbreds being preferred, particularly by the slaughterhouse industry and consumers. These findings can help optimise crossbreeding programs on dairy farms, depending on the objectives of the stakeholder group.