Interactions between Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during sequential fermentations influence the release of yeast mannoproteins and impact the protein stability of an unstable wine

Wine protein haze formation is a problem due to grape proteins aggregation during wine storage. The cell wall components of wine yeasts, particularly high molecular weight mannoproteins, have a protective effect against haze formation, although their involvement remains poorly understood. This study aimed at characterizing glycosylated proteins released by Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae during single and sequential fermentations in a synthetic must, and testing their impact on wine protein stability. Mannoproteins-rich extracts from sequential fermentations showed an increase in the low MW polysaccharide fraction and, when added to an unstable wine, had a greater effect on protein stability than S. cerevisiae extracts. Shotgun proteomics approaches revealed that the identified cell wall proteins exclusively found in sequential fermentations were produced by both S. bacillaris (MKC7, ENG1) and S. cerevisiae (Bgl2p). Moreover, sequential fermentations significantly increased the expression of Scw4p and 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase (GAS5), produced by S. cerevisiae. Finally, some of the key proteins identified might play a positive role in increasing wine protein stability.